Purpose: The primary purpose of this exercise is to expose you to two of the most important and original thinkers in the history of Western Civilization, namely Socrates and his pupil, Plato. This assignment will enable you to confront their philosophy and explore its ramifications for some of the major themes of this course, as well as for your own lives. Specifically, these four dialogues ask you to consider the role of the philosopher in society, the rights of the individual, the strengths and weaknesses of democracy as a form of government, the meaning of death, and abstract concepts like ‘being’ and ‘reality’. The assignment will therefore give you practice in thinking and writing critically about subjects which have delighted and perplexed men and women since the beginning of civilization. In short, this exercise asks you to practice the roles of both historian and philosopher.

Content: Your opening paragraph should briefly introduce the work, its subject matter, purpose, scope and character. Furthermore, it must contain a statement of the thesis of your paper. Biographical details concerning the author are only worth relating if, in your view, they explain something important about the work.

The remainder of your report should consider no more than two of the following questions (and limiting yourself to one may aid you in focusing your argument):

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages to the dialogue form as a means to convey complex philosophical concepts and arguments? Give examples from the text.
2. What is the Socratic method? Is it purely negative and critical or can it be used to discover positive truths? Give examples from the text.
3. Why was Socrates put on trial? Was he guilty as charged? Did he deserve his fate?
4. Does Socrates remind you of any person or group within today's society? Is our society more or less tolerant of individuality, questioning and difference than that of classical Athens? Provide compelling examples.
5. Why did Socrates choose not to escape? What was his reasoning? Do you agree or disagree? Are the laws of the state always to be obeyed? If not, under what circumstances may they be violated?
6. Do you find Socrates' arguments for immortality in the Phaedo consistent with the rest of his philosophy. Are they convincing? Why or why not?

Your answers must be supported by quotations and citations of the text, referenced by page number. These references should be made in a modified MLA style. For example, when quoting or citing from one of the dialogues, provide the name of the dialogue and the page number from the edition being used in this class, e.g. (Euthyphro 57). Should you use either the introduction or some other, external source in your paper, you must document that source, following the standards for citation laid out in Joseph Gibaldi, MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5^th ed. (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1999). You must give a full bibliographical citation for any external sources used in your paper at the end of your text.

Length and Format: You should write as much as is necessary in order to treat the subject adequately. A length of 4-5 pages should be sufficient. Your review must be typed neatly and written in clear, coherent English prose. Anything less will, inevitably, detract from your final grade. Some tips on formatting your paper:

• use 12-point font in one of the standard typefaces (e.g., Times New Roman, Courier New, Arial).
• at the top of the first page (left- or right-hand side) include a heading composed of Your Name, Class Number and Section Number, Your Instructor’s Name, and the Date on which you are handing in the paper, e.g.:

Jane Doe
History 101, Section 0xx
Mr. Halvorson
14 February 2002

• double space your text
• do not place extra spaces between paragraphs or between the heading and the title or the title and the text
• your title should be centered, in plain 12-point text, with appropriate words capitalized
• all pages except the first should be paginated
• top and bottom margins should be one inch; right and left margins should be one inch or one and one quarter inches
• quotations must be enclosed in quotations marks, and MLA citation practices should be observed
• all book, treatise, and dialogue titles must be italicized or underlined
• check spelling
• PROOFREAD!

If you feel that you may need assistance with your writing, or if you want to make your writing stronger, do not hesitate to set up an appointment at the Writing Center. It is located in Stebler Hall 105, and the staff there can be phoned at either (773) 503-8470 or (773) 508-8464. Their hours are Mon-Thu, 9 AM - 7:30 PM and Fri, 9 AM - 4 PM. For more information, see their web page at http://www.luc.edu/depts/english/writctr.htm.